SHORT QUESTION
Ques. 1 - Explain scalar chain?
Ans - As per the scalar chain, there is a scalar chain of authority and communication which move in a straight line from the superior to the lowest subordinate and vice-versa.
For example:- if there are A,B,C,D,E five people and the message from A to E is communicated , it will move from A to B ,then from B to C , then from C to D and finally from D to E.
Ques. 2. - Distinguish unity of command and unity of direction?
Ans - Unity of command:-
a) An employee gets order only from one manager at a time and he is responsible for that manger alone.
b) Aim is to increase the efficiency of subordinates.
Unity of direction:-
One head for one plan for a group of activities having the same objective.
Aim is to enhance the efficiency of the organization.
Ques. 3. - What is portfolio matrix?
Ans - A method of evaluating businesses relative to the growth rate of their market and the organization‘s share of the market.
The matrix classifies the types of businesses that a diversified organization can engage as:
Dogs have small market shares and no growth prospects.
Cash cows have large shares of mature markets.
Question marks have small market shares in quickly growing markets.
Stars have large shares of rapidly growing markets.
Ques. 4. - Define ethics in business and its importance?
Ans - Business ethics refers to the moral principles which should govern business activities. It is concerned with truth and justice and has a variety of aspects such as expectations of society, fair competition, advertising, public relation etc.
Importance:-
o Identifying the core beliefs, which need to include a commitment to ethical conduct?
o Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of and organization culture & organizational structures.
o Scan the business environment
o Determine relative to its goals and objectives and what is expected.
o Identify targets and measurable indicators of expected program outcomes.
o Design, implement, and enforce a program that will promote an organizational structure that encourages ethical conduct and a commitment.
o Regularly evaluate, for improvement.
Ques. 5. - State the different types of work study?
Ans – There are three types of work study.
a) Time study- it states minimum times whatever is taken to finished a particular job.
b) Motion and method study- it speak about movement of machine and men.
c) Fatigue study- it speaks about how long a person can work continuously, or how easily a worker gets exhausted.
Ques. 6. - What is differential piece-rate system of wage payment means?
Ans. - Two rates of wage payment-
1. A higher rate per unit of output.
2. A lower rate per unit of output.
Ques. 7. - What are non-programming decisions?
Ans - Non-programming decisions are to be dealt non-routine and non-repetitive nature. There is no standard procedure for handling such problems. Such decision are warranted by extra-ordinary, exceptional or emergency situations. This decision is taken by managers in consultation with higher level of management.
Ques. 8. - What is span of management?
Ans. - It refers to the number of subordinates who can be managed effectively by a superior and subordinates reports to their respective manager only.
It is describes the numbers of subordinates that report to each manager. Span of management also known as span of control and span of supervision. It is dimension of organizational design measured by the number of subordinates that report directly to a given manager.

Ques.10. - Is management an art or science? Which is a reality of a manager‘s job?
Ans – Management as a science would indicate that in practice, managers use a specific body of information and facts to guide their behaviors, but that management as an art requires no specific body of knowledge, only skill.
In reality, a manager‘s job is less a science than an art.
Ques. 11. - What are the levels of management?
Ans. - Levels of Managements are -
Top managers: Managers who are responsible for making decisions and setting the policies that affect all aspects of organization.
Middle managers: All levels of management between supervisory and top managers.
First line managers: Supervisors, the lowest level of management.
Operatives: People who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overseeing work of others.
Ques. 12. - How can we say that Management is Science or Arts?
Ans –
Management as Science: - Management uses principles, concepts of laws, economics, psychology etc. Concepts & meanings should be clear in science and the same applies for mgt. No empirical conformation like science.
Like science taking a factor as static is not possible in mgt.
Management as Art: - Like arts, mgt involves the use of know-how & skills. Both are directed towards achieving concrete results. Mgt is creative like arts. Mgt is personalized like arts.
Ques. 13. - What are the 14 principles of management? Who has given this?
Ans. – Henry Fayal is known as Father of Administrative Management. He was born in 1841 in France. He contributed 14 principles on the basis of his experience as a worker.
14 principles management -
1. Division of work
2. Authority and responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity of direction
6. Subordination of individual interests
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of tenure of personnel
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de corps
Ques. 14. - What are the Human Skills, Conceptual Skills, & Technical Skills?
Ans: –
Managerial Skills: - There are three skill sets that managers need to perform effectively.
1. Conceptual skills: the ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and find the cause and effect. Conceptual skill is imperative for top level management.
2. Human skills: the ability to understand, alter, lead, and control people‘s behavior. Human skill needed for every levels of management.
3. Technical skills: the job-specific knowledge required to perform a task. Common examples include marketing, accounting, and manufacturing. Technical skill is an imperative skill for managers at the lower level of management.

Skill Type Needed by Manager Level
Top
Managers
Middle
Managers
Line
Managers
Conceptual
Human
Technical
Ques. 15. - Describe the Hard Ss of McKinsey model?
Ans. - The 3Ss across the top of the model are described as 'Hard Ss':
Strategy - The direction and scope of the company over the long term.
Structure - The basic organization of the company, its departments, reporting lines, areas of expertise, and responsibility (and how they inter-relate).
Systems - Formal and informal procedures that govern everyday activity, covering everything from management information systems, through to the systems at the point of contact with the customer (retail systems, call centre systems, online systems, etc).
Ques. 16. - Write the full form of these.
a) CPM b) CSR c) CART d) PERT.
Ans. –
CPM- CRITICAL PATH METHOD
CSR- CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
CART- CLASSIFICATION AND REGRESSION TREE
PERT- PROGRAMME EVALUATION & REVIEW TECHNIQUE
Ques. 17. - What is planning? What are the types of planning?
Ans: –
Planning: - The process of setting goals, developing strategies, and outlining tasks and schedules to accomplish the goals.
Or,
Determining organizational goals and a means for achieving them
Or,
Thinking before doing….
Types of planning:-
Financial and non-financial planning.
Formal and informal planning.
Short-range and long-range planning.
Standing and ad hoc planning.
Administrative and operational planning
Ques. 18 - What is Decision making? What are the steps of Decision making?
Ans. - ―Decision-making is the process of selecting the best alternative course of action, which is thought to fulfill the objectives of the decision problem most satisfactorily than others.
Or,
Decision making is the selection based on some criteria from two or more possible alternatives. - By G.R.TERRY
Or,
Decision Making is a course of action chosen by a manager as the most effective means at his disposal for achieving goals and solving problem.
- By Haiman.
Steps of Decision Making –
1. Identifying the problem
2. Collection of data
3. Analysis the data
4. Identifying the alternatives
5. Selection of alternatives
6. Implementation of alternatives
7. Follow up and feedback
Ques. 19. - What is organizing?
Ans. - Organizing is the process of integrating the physical, financial & human resources & establishes the productive relations between them to accomplish the pre - determined goal.
Or,
―Organizing is establishing of effective authority relationship among selected work, persons, and work place in order for the group to work together efficiently‖
-- G.R.TERRY
Or,
Deciding where decisions will be made
Who will do what jobs and tasks?
Who will work for whom?
Ques. 20. - What is Decision Tree?
Ans. - Decision tree is a predictive model; that is mapping of observations about an item to conclusions about the items target value. It also a descriptive mean for calculating conditional probabilities. Decision tree can also be described as an synergy of mathematical and computing techniques that aids on description, categorization and generalization of a given data set.

Decision Tree
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
Is the
alternative
feasible
Is the
Alternative
satisfactory
Drop the alternative
Drop the alternative
Will the
alternative
have positive
effect
Drop the
alternative
Conduct
Further
evaluation
Ques. 21. - What are Authority & Power?
Authority - According to Simon authority means ―the power to make decisions which guide the actions of another. It is a relationship between two individuals – one superior, the other subordinate. The superior frames and transmits decisions, with the expectation that they will be accepted by the subordinate. The subordinate expects such decisions, and his conduct is determined by them‖.
Power - Power refers to the capacity to affect the behavior of the subordinate with the control of resources.
Ques. 22. – What are the types of Power and Authority?
Ans. -
Types of authority –
1. Line authority,
2. Staff authority,
3. Team authority.
Types of power –
1. Legitimate power
2. Coercive power
3. Reward power
4. Expert power
5. Referent power
6. Information.
Ques. 23. - What is Line & Staff Organization?
Ans. - LINE AND STAFF ORGANISATION - Line and Staff Organization is one, in which there is basic departmentation for primary business functions, operated on the concept of the scalar chain; and there is a provision for specialized activities performed through staff officers, the latter acting ordinarily in an advisory capacity.
Features:-
- Two types of authorities flow in this organization.
- The principal of unity of command is followed.
- Burden of line manager is reduced.
- Specialist & Supportive activities are recognized & formed into separate units/department.
Ques. 24. - Define the term of Management.
Ans. –
Management – ―Management is the art of getting things done through & with the people in formally organized groups.‖ - By ‗Knoontz‘
Or,
The process of using organizational resources to achieve the organization‘s goals by...
Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling.
Ques. 25. - List the various function of management.
Ans. –
1. Planning,
2. Organizing,
3. Staffing,
4. Directing,
5. Controlling.
Ques. 26. – Define Premises and Forecasting?
Ans. - Premises: - Premises are assumptions on which plans are formulated.
According to ―Weihrich & Koontz‖
Planning premises are the anticipated environments in which plans are expected to operate. They include assumptions or forecasts of the future and known condition that will affect the plan. Planning premises can be external or internal.
Forecasting: - Forecasting is the process of estimation in unknown situations.
Forecasting is the process of expectation about the future course of action.
In words of ―Neter & Wsserman‖
Business forecasting refers to the statistical analysis of the past & current movements in the given time series so as to obtain clues about the future pattern of those movements.
Ques. 27. – Give the application and management style used in X-Theory and Y-Theory.
Ans: –
X-Theory states
o People don‘t like to work and will avoid it if they can.
o People must be controlled, directed or threatened to get them to
Make an effort.
o Workers want to avoid responsibility but want job security.
Y-Theory states
o Work is as natural as play or rest.
o People want to be self-directed and will try to accomplish goals in which they believe.
o Positive incentives will motivate workers.
o People seek responsibility and are willing to help solve problems.
Ques. 28. - Why do we study Management?
Ans. – Management is important for our society, industry and government organization.
 We all have a vested interest in improving the way organizations are managed.
• Better organizations are, in part, the result of good management.
 You will eventually either manage or be managed.
• Gaining an understanding of the management process provides the foundation for developing management skills and insight into the behavior of individuals and the organizations.
Ques. 29. - Define the Decision making?
Ans. - ―Decision-making is the process of selecting the best alternative course of action; from among a number of alternatives given to management or developed by it- after carefully and critically examining alternative‖.
Or,
Decision making is the selection based on some criteria from two or more possible alternatives – G.R.TERRY
Ques. 30. - State the factors affecting the decision making process.
Ans: -
• Data/information
• Time factor
• Political,social,cultural,technical,legal etc.,
• Rules,regulations,procedures of the organization
• Personality, education & experience of the decision maker
• Power to decide
• Bounded rationality-generalized judgment
Ques. 31. - Write the short note on Japanese style of management.
Ans: -
– J -believe in lifetime employment.
– J-believe in trust.
– J-feel that person should not be evaluated until he has served 10 years with the company.
– J-believe that management should not set the target.
– J-involve everybody in decision making.
– J-don‘t reward any particular individual for their performance.
Ques. 32. - Describe the role of Liaison person with reference to coordination.
Ans. - Growth of interactions and volume of information between any two or more departments may make it necessary to establish a liaison or linkage role strategy between them. Accordingly, anyone or more persons may be assigned the duty of resolving the issues between any two or more interacting departments to perform liaison role.
Ques. 33. – What are the main Purposes of Control?
Ans. - The main purpose of control is
– To make plans an effective one.
– It helps in attaining organizational objective most effective and efficient way.
– It also provides feedback on project status.